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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: The present study aimed to find an appropriate method toinform senior high school students to correctly select their academic field ofstudy and their intentions.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study. A verifiedquestionnaire was given to a total of 2600 students selected by stratified random sampling method (ten different colleges and entrance year from the 1st to 4th are considered as the strata). The position of the present field of study (major) among the list of the fields in the entrance exam was asked. The students’ methods of familiarity with different fields of study in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), the reasons for their selection, the students’ motivation and insistence on studying in the same field and university were asked in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent two samples t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-Square test.Results: The most significant references for university field selection were high school teachers, the students' parents and the adjacency of university to one's living place. Also, the results revealed the good reputation of SUMS in the first year and its downward trend during the following years. 59.4% of the 1st year students were satisfied with their field of study and SUMS. 31.8% were satisfied with the university but not with their fields of study. 6.4% were dissatisfied with the university but not with their fields of study. 2% of the students were dissatisfied with both their fields of study and university. Dissatisfaction with SUMS and field of study increased little by little so that the results obtained among the students who had entered the university earlier (in the 4th year of their study) showed nearly 16.3% dissatisfaction with both the university and the study fields .Conclusion: The methods for introducing the university are recommended tobe revised.Keywords: Medical student, Intention, Satisfaction
- انتشار مقاله: 07-07-1393
- نویسندگان: ALI NOORAFSHAN,SAEEDEH POURAHMAD,MOHAMMAD MAHDI SAGHEB,ALI DEHGHANINAZHVANI,ALI DEHSHAHRI,MANIJEH ABDOLLAHI,ZEYNAB MOHEBBI,ZAHRA KESHTKARAN,AFSANEH AHMADI,SOMAYEH KAVOUSIPOUR,FARIBA FARAHMAND,HAMIDREZA KHORRAMI,ROBABEH SOLTANI,SAIED KARBALAY DOUST
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Many studies have investigated the relationshipbetween motivation and educational outcomes. The present studywas conducted to determine whether the students’ motivation inShiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) decreases duringeducational years.Methods: 770 students in SUMS were selected by multi-stage stratifiedrandom sampling from each field and entrance year. The firstquestionnaire contained 57 questions on the effect of economic, social,educational, geographical and personality factors on the students’motivation. The second one was based on 50 incomplete sentences.The validity and reliability of these questionnaires were approvedby the experts and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients (85% and 90%,respectively). In this cross-sectional study, ANOVA, t-test and Chisquaretests were applied for data analysis at the 0.05 significance level.Results: Six factors with the most effect on academic motivationwere “family attitudes”, “getting good jobs in future”, “respect forthemselves”, “ the ability to learn”, “believing their role in victory anddefeat” and “the tendency toward optimism about themselves”. Inaddition, comparing professional doctorate and basic sciences’ resultsrevealed no significant relationship between academic motivationand educational years (F=0.819, p=0.397). But comparing field byfield showed that Dentistry and Hospital Management and MedicalInformation (HMMI) had a significant decrease in motivation scoreby increase in educational years (F=3.991, p=0.015).Conclusion: Achievement motivation level in SUMS studentswas higher than average and did not decrease during educationalyears. Also, the results showed that personal, social andeducational related factors affected motivation level more thaneconomic and environmental factors.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-10-1393
- نویسندگان: SOMAYEH KAVOUSIPOUR,ALI NOORAFSHAN,SAEEDEH POURAHMAD,ALI DEHGHANINAZHVANI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Testosterone,Gonadotropins,Echium,Male fertility agents,Semen analysis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Iranian borage, Echium amoenum, is believed to improve reproduction according to folk medicine. Although E. amoenum distillate known as “Aragh Gav-zaban” is widely consumed as a safe and natural remedy, its possible effects on fertility have not yet been scientifically examined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of borage distillate (BD) on reproductive parameters of male mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Mus musculus mice (30-35 g) were equally divided into three groups. The control group received distilled water (DW) for five weeks and the other two groups, BD1/2 and BD1/4, received borage distillate of 1/2 dilution (150±2.5 ml/kg/day) and 1/4 dilution (75±1.25 ml/kg/day), respectively, ad libitum for three weeks and DW for 2 weeks. On the day 35, mice were sacrificed, sperm analysis was performed, and sera were collected to evaluate gonadotropins, testosterone, and toxicity parameters. The left testis was excised for stereological study and the right testis was used to evaluate androgen receptor (AR) gene expression. Results: The administration of BD1/2 significantly increased serum FSH (P=0.004), LH (P=0.025), testosterone (P=0.014), the percentage of motile (P=0.011); slow progressive (P=0.001), coiled tail (P<0.001) sperms, and the number of Leydig cells (P=0.008) compared to the control group. Treatment with BD1/4 significantly increased sperm count (P=0.044) and motile sperms percentage (P=0.040) compared to the control group too. The administration of BD revealed no significant effects on toxicity parameters and AR gene expression.Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the consumption of borage distillate, as a safe herbal remedy, improves hormonal and sperm parameters in male mice.
- انتشار مقاله: 08-05-1396
- نویسندگان: Shima Fakher,Atefeh Seghatoleslam,Ali Noorafshan,Saeid Karbalay-Doust,Maryam Rahmanifard,Mojtaba Rashidi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Rats,Diabetes Mellitus,Streptozotocin,Pancreatic beta cell,Urtica dioica distillate
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Urtica dioica is known as an anti-hyperglycemic plant. Urtica dioica distillate (UD) is a traditional Iranian drink, locally known as “aragh gazaneh”. In spite of its widespread consumption in Iran, according to traditional Iranian medicine, there is no scientific report on the usefulness of UD for diabetic patients. This survey was designed to evaluate its protective effects for the recovery from diabetes by determining the serum insulin, blood glucose, volume of pancreatic islets, and the number and volume of β-cells in diabetic rats.Methods: A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley male rats (200-250 g) were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=8), including non-diabetic plus distilled water (DW), non-diabetic plus UD, diabetic plus DW, diabetic plus UD, diabetic plus insulin, and diabetic plus glibenclamide. DW, UD, and glibenclamide were administered via intragastric gavage and insulin was injected subcutaneously. After four weeks of experiments, blood samples were collected for serum insulin and blood glucose assay. Pancreas was also evaluated using stereological method. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measurements, and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for comparisons between the groups.Results: The treatment of diabetic rats with UD reduced the blood glucose dramatically (P<0.001) and increased serum insulin levels significantly (P=0.03) in comparison to the diabetic plus DW rats. Treatment with UD did not affect the mean β-cell volumes in the diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic plus DW rats, but the islet volumes and β-cell numbers were significantly recovered.Conclusion: UD treatment in diabetic rats improves hyperglycemia by partially restoring plasma insulin levels. The data suggest that UD prevents islet atrophy and/or regenerate pancreatic β-cells.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-07-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Gohari,Ali Noorafshan,Masoumeh Akmali,Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri,Atefeh Seghatoleslam
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: histology,Vero cells,Rubella virus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Morphological changes of the cells infected with rubella virus cannot be observed easily. Estimation of the size of the cultured cells can be a valuable parameter in this condition. This study was conducted to find answers to the following questions:How much time after infection with rubella virus, the volume and surface area of the Vero cells and their nuclei get started to change?How is it possible to apply stereological methods to estimate the volume and surface area of the cultured cells using the invariator, nucleator, and surfactor techniques?Methods: The cultured Vero cells were infected with rubella virus. The cells of the control and experimental groups were harvested at 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours following the incubation period. The cells were processed and embedded in paraffin. Invariator, nucleator, and surfactor were applied to estimate the size of the Vero cells and their nuclei.Results: The cell volume was decreased by 15-24%, 48 hours after the infection in comparison to the non-infected cells. Besides, the cell surface area was decreased by 13%, 48 hours after the infection. However, no changes were detected in the nuclei. The values of the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the cells, estimated by invariator, were lower compared to those measured by the nucleator or surfactor.Conclusion: In this study, the volume and surface area of the Vero cells were reduced by rubella virus 48 hours after infection. Invariator is a more precise method compared to nucleator or surfactor.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-11-1392
- نویسندگان: Ali Noorafshan,Mohammad Motamedifar,Saied Karbalay-doust
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Estradiol,stereology,Sperm,Testosterone,Matricaria chamomilla
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) is a herb used to treat various human illnesses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chamomile extract on spermatozoon quality, serum levels of estradiol and testosterone, and sperm tail length in male adult rat. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received extract of chamomile (400 mg/kg once daily, orally) during an 8-week period, while the control animals received water. After this period, the animals were sacrificed and the blood samples were obtained. The serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, and the number, motility, and morphology of spermatozoon were assessed. The spermatozoon tail length was assessed by a rapid stereological method. Results: The body weight, and weight, and volume of the testis in the control and experimental rats did not change significantly. Serum testosterone level was decreased (~76%, P<0.005) and the serum estradiol level was increased (~16%, P<0.04) in the experimental animals. The spermatozoon count and motility were decreased in the experimental group but spermatozoon morphology did not show significant changes. The mid-piece and total tail length were reduced in the experimental group (~22%, P<0.001). Conclusion: Matricaria chamomilla extract can decrease spermatozoa count and motility, spermatozoon tail length, serum testosterone level and increase serum estradiol level in male adult rat.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-12-1393
- نویسندگان: Saied Karbalay-Doust,Ali Noorafshan,Farzaneh Dehghani,Mohamad Reza Panjehshahin,Ahmad Monabati
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: There is extensive variety of chemical compounds with antiulcer activity, which are isolated from medicinal plants. Matricaria chamomilla or Matricaria recutita or German chamomile, also spelled chamomile (MC), is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. In the present study, the extract of MC flowers was evaluated for antiulcerogenic activity and acute toxicity profile. Methods: To evaluate antiulcer effect of MC extract, 15 female bulb-c mice were divided into three groups (five mice in each group). The first and second groups received 400 mg/kg sucralfate and 400 mg/kg MC extract respectively by the intragastric route. The control group received 1.0 ml distilled water. After 30 min, gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of 1.0 ml of a 0.3 M solution of HCl in 60% ethanol in all animals. One hour later, the area of the gastric lesions and hemorrhage was measured by stereological method. To evaluate the toxicity of MC extract, 10 male and 10 female mice were divided into control and experimental groups (5 mice in each group). The experimental and control groups received by the intragastric route a single dose of 5000 mg/kg MC extract and water respectively. After 14 days the mice’s liver, kidneys, lung, and heart were examined macroscopically and the relative weights (organ/body) were determined. Statistical comparisons between the groups were performed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Oral administration of MC extract at 400 mg/kg can be effective in preventing gastric ulceration in mice and does not produce toxic effects in doses up to 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Matricaria chamomilla can prevent experimental gastric ulcer in mice.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-02-1394
- نویسندگان: Saied Karbalay-Doust,Ali Noorafshan
- مشاهده