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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: menstrual cycle,Halitosis,ß-estradiol,volatile sulfur compound
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND: ß -estradiol is a steroid sex hormone that plays important role in oral physiology. The aim of this study was to determin the association of the menstrual cycle and salivary ß-estradiol with the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, twenty female dental students in good oral and general health were recruited for evaluation of VSC, salivary flow, ß-estradiol concentration, oral dryness feeling and dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed by marginal homogeneity test and xtgee model.RESULTS: The only covariates that significantly related to VSC were being at the follicular phase (B = -0.21, P = 0.02), being at the pre-menstrual phase (B = -0.25, P = 0.01), stressfulness (B = 0.02, P = 0.01) and oral dryness feeling (B = 0.34, P = 0.02). Salivary ß-estradiol was at the level of 59.7 ± 31.2 in those having halitosis (VSC ≥ 75) while in the others (VSC < 75) it was about 40.8 ± 18.0 (P < 0.009). This difference was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual cycle, stress and oral dryness were the most important determinants of halitosis. The salivary ß-estradiol level could not explain such relationship as its effect was eliminated considering the other factors.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-04-1391
- نویسندگان: Shahla Kakoei,Fahimeh Barkhori,Ali Mirzazadeh,Mohammad Mohammadi,Ahmad Gholamhoseinian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: drug users,Needle Sharing,qualitative research
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: This qualitative study was undertaken with the aim to identify the reasons for sharing syringes
or needles among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.
Methods: We used purposive sampling to recruit 4 groups of participants, male PWID (n = 14), female PWID
(n = 6), service providers (n = 8), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/addiction experts (n = 9). Data
were collected through 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) among male PWID, and semi-structured interviews
with female PWID, service providers, and HIV/addiction experts. Using conventional content analysis,
themes were extracted for reasons for sharing needles to inject drugs.
Findings: We found 13 themes for barriers such as low perceived risk of HIV, high stigma around drug
injection and use, low access to harm reduction education and prevention services due to their limited
working hours as a well as uneven geographical distribution of services, some structural barriers like
incarceration, poverty, and homelessness, and several competing survival needs beyond the injection-related
safe behaviors.
Conclusion: Our study was able to provide the perspectives of both PWID and health care authorities and
providers towards several barriers to accessing HIV prevention services that lead to needle sharing among
PWID in Iran. These barriers need to be addressed to achieve the target of HIV epidemic control.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-02-1399
- نویسندگان: Monireh Faghir-Gangi,Hadith Rastad,Saharnaz Nedjat,Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar,Kamran Yazdani,Ali Mirzazadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cigarette smoking,active smoking,passive smoking,Coronary artery disease risk factors
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Smoking is one of the major modifiable non-communicable disease risk factors. Our aim was to report the pattern of active and passive smoking using the data collected through a population base household survey in Kerman, Iran. Methods: Given a cluster random sampling design, we recruited 5900 adult populations (15-75 years old) into a survey. After consenting, every participant was interviewed by a trained interviewer. The section for smoking had questions about daily (smoking at least one cigarette/day), non-daily, past and passive cigarette smoking as well as the time of exposure to cigarette’s smoke. We used Kerman population distribution (as the target population) to adjust our estimates using direct standardization method. Findings: Overall, 8.3% of study participants (15.5% in men vs. 0.8% in women, P = 0.010) reported themselves as daily smokers and 1.7% (2.9% in men vs. 0.4% in women, P = 0.010) as non-daily smokers. The passive smoking was common in total (27.5%), while women experienced more exposure than men (30.1% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.010). 3.2% of daily smokers smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day. Among passive smokers, 62.6% were exposed to cigarette smoke more than 6 days/week. Conclusion: Smoking is pretty common among adult populations, particularly men. A majority of tobacco-free young adult women are exposed to passive smoking. Age and gender oriented interventions are required to change this risk pattern in our community to prevent from further smoking related morbidities and mortalities.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-09-1394
- نویسندگان: Hamideh Salimzadeh,Hamid Najafipour,Fatemeh Mirzaiepour,Soodabeh Navadeh,Mitra Shadkam-Farrokhi,Ali Mirzazadeh
- مشاهده