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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: classification,Principal Component Analysis (PCA),Medical Sciences Universities
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: In order to check the practicality of classification of Universities of Medical Sciences (UMSs) based on their infrastructures, and scientific contributions, this study explored the most appropriate indicators to measure the size and productivity of UMSs.
Methods: In the first phase, we approached a group of experts who had a deep experience in the management of UMSs and in the ministry of health to check their recommendations. In the second phase, we collected the information of all UMSs in Iran in indicators to measure their achievement in education, research, health care services and their infrastructures. Having used factorial and principal component analysis, the most appropriate combination of indicators was formed, and UMSs were grouped and mapped, accordingly.
Results: Experts strongly recommended such a classification using the information of UMSs in all aspects of activities. The findings of models also showed an acceptable goodness of fit for the classification of UMSs based on scientific indicators, with and without taking into account of the indicators in related to the health services and infrastructure.
Conclusions: Since, the size of UMSs in Iran is extensively diverse, ranges from very small and newly established to old and globally well known ones, a satisfactory classification based on acceptable criteria is highly recommended.- انتشار مقاله: 11-07-1394
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Nazari Chamak,Khodadad Sheikhzadeh,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: classification,Systematic review,university,Categorize,International Arena
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Providing an appropriate background is essential for necessary changes and innovation in the higher education, the need to review the classification criteria and development of the type of native criteria and local standards which match the cultural and scientific requirements of the country. Investigating the possible types of indicators to adjusted accurately and objectively is important to be effective. Methods: In this systematic review we used 10 primary keywords to study the existing documents and links to related databases in the period of 2000-2011.were studied and classified information with international universities in the structure collection and content analysis was carried out during the process. Results: In this study of the original documentary (3954), 19 articles were found completely relevant to the topic. These articles points to four domains such as; influential presence of the international arena, the improvement of higher educational system and research centered. Conventional university classification is solely in Iran but there are some similarities between the frameworks in China and the United States. For example the Carnegie Classification of colleges and universities in the United States and the Chinese university in 2000 introduced two groups; Pole key universities and other universities. The comparison and assessment of the performance of universities in the international arena must be considered important. Conclusions: The university classification process should clarify university management, extent and scope of work, university influence over the country, and the role of university in long-term goals of the country. If we accept it, we will be able to set it up with a better and more efficiently. Therefore we need to define indicators of functional types as transparent, scientific and consistent with the native culture and new combinations in universities. It is necessary to combine the international indices with the combination of native priorities.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-12-1390
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Nazari Chamak,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Tahereh Islaminejad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Dental caries,Anemia,Growth factors,iron deficiency,early childhood caries,Preschool Child,blood factors
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a specific form of rampant dental caries affecting infants and young children. ECC is still a problem that threatens the health of the community and its management is important. It is believed that the majorities of children with ECC also suffer from malnutrition, anemia, low weight and altered physical growth patterns. This study was undertaken to compare blood indices [mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin and serum ferritin] in a population of children in Kerman, Iran, and the association between growth factors, blood parameters, and ECC.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 240 children were selected from Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman. The subjects consisted of 2 to 6-year children, who needed blood sampling for different diagnostic reasons. Data were collected through clinical oral examinations, anthropometric measures, blood indices measurement (MCV, hemoglobin and serum ferritin) and structured questionnaire in order to assess demographic characteristics, nutritional habits and the presence or absence of systemic conditions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 50.79 months. Of 240 children included in this study, 124 (52.1%) were girls and the rest (47.9%) were boys. Statistical test revealed that there were statically significant differences in weight as well as the height of children in experimental and control groups (P < 0.050). No significant differences were detected in the frequencies of low hematocrit levels between the groups with and without dental caries (P > 0.050).CONCLUSION: No significant association was observed between ECC and blood indices (MCV, hemoglobin and serum ferritin), but the mean height and weight in the caries-free group were significantly higher.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-08-1396
- نویسندگان: Hoda Shamsaddin,Fatemeh Jahanimoghadam,Hamidreza Poureslami,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Dental caries,Diet,Oral health,Food habits,Cariogenic Agents
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Foods containing carbohydrates have a major effect on the pathogenesis of dental caries. There is a direct correlation between frequency of consumption of foods containing sugar and dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary patterns of 12-year-old children and their awareness about the effect of diet on oral health in Iran.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1554 children aged 12 years in 5 provinces in Iran. Subjects were selected based on a multistage stratified cluster random sampling procedure. Data were collected by a culturally adapted questionnaire that included demographic data (such as sex, age, parents’ job and education, and area), and questions about the frequency of consumption of cariogenic and non-cariogenic foods during the previous week.RESULTS: The mean score of diet-related behavior was 17.5 ± 5.9 (from 40). Approximately, 31.0% of children ate sweet foods (chocolate/cake/biscuit/chips), and 39.4% drank soft drinks (sugared tea or coffee or milked/soda/syrup) more than once a day, while 15 percent of children consumed fresh fruit and raw vegetables more than once a day. Students living in urban areas had higher scores in diet-related behavior (18.3 ± 5.4 vs. 16.1 ± 6.4, P < 0.001). The mean scores in Tehran (the Capital of Iran) was significantly higher than other urban areas. In rural areas, the mean scores of villages in Esfahan province, Iran, were higher than other villages. Children whose mothers were employed, and had higher education had significantly higher scores (P = 0.030 and P = 0.012, respectively). Sex and fathers’ education and job had no significant association with diet-related behavior.CONCLUSION: The results showed that dietary patterns was not satisfactory, and the level of consumption of cariogenic foods was high. Study findings recommend that school-based oral health programs should be designed for modifying the dietary habits in Iran.
- انتشار مقاله: 22-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Maryam Rad,Arash Shahravan,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Quality Control,statistics,Cleaning,Data,Preparation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In many published articles, there is still no mention of quality control processes, which might be an indication of the insufficient importance the researchers attach to undertaking or reporting such processes. However, quality control of data is one of the most important steps in research projects. Lack of sufficient attention to quality control of data might have a detrimental effect on the results of research studies. Therefore, directing the attention of researchers to quality control of data is considered a step necessary to promote the quality of research studies and reports. We have made an attempt to define the processes of cleansing and preparing data and determine its position in research protocols. An algorithm was presented for cleansing and preparing data. Then, the most important potential errors in data were introduced by giving some examples, and their effects on the results of studies were demonstrated. We made attempts to introduce the most important reasons behind errors of different natures; the techniques used to identify them and the techniques used to prevent or rectify them. Subsequently, the procedures used to prepare the data were dealt with. In this section, techniques were introduced which are used to manage the relationships established between the premises of statistical models before carrying out analyses. Considering the widespread use of statistical models with the premise of normality, such premises were focused on. Techniques used to identify lack of normal distribution of data and methods used to manage them were presented. Cleansing and preparation of data can have a significant effect on promotion of quality and accuracy of the results of research studies. It is incumbent on researchers to recognize techniques used to identify, reasons for occurrence, methods to prevent or rectify different kinds of errors in data, learn appropriate techniques in this context and mention them in study reports.
- انتشار مقاله: 15-09-1395
- نویسندگان: Hossein Molavi Vardajani,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Arash Shahravan,Maryam Rad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Epidemiology,oral cancer,pharyngeal cancer
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and relative frequency of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Kermanshah, Iran, from March 1993 until March 2006.METHODS: The data used in this epidemiologic study were extracted directly from pathology records registered in 12 (all) public and private pathology centers of Kermanshah province during the 13-year study period. The medical data of 13,323 cases of cancer were studied.RESULTS: During the 13-year period of this study, 350 new malignant cases occurred in the oral cavity and pharynx. 247 (70%) were men and 103 (30%) were women. The mean age for oral and pharyngeal cancers was 57 [standard deviation (SD) = 17.09] with male to female ratio 2.39:1. The most common oral and pharyngeal cancers were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 283 patients. 211 (74.6%) of the patients were men and 72 (25.4%) of them were women; the mean age of SCC was 60 (SD = 16) with male to female ratio 2.93:1. The two most common sites of involvement were lips [166 (47.5%)] and tongue [25 (7.14%)]. The overall incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancers was 1.47 per 100000 populations.CONCLUSION: In summary, the incidence risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers in people living in Kermanshah province is similar to the most other provinces of Iran. However, this study showed that the rank of oral and pharyngeal cancers among males (9th most common cancer) is low when compared to other regions of Iran and other countries such as India, Australia, and France.
- انتشار مقاله: 08-03-1395
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Reza Zarei,Goli Chamani,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Elaheh Tahmasebi,Hamid Reza Mozaffari,Mahdi Momeni-Tikdari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Behavior,attitude,Review,Knowledge,Oral health
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND AND AIM: National oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) data among 12-year-old children need nation-wide programs to help promote oral health. In most countries, oral epidemiologic data are collected by self-administered structured questionnaires. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the existing literature about questionnaires used for analyzing the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior profile of the 12-year-old children.METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search was performed applying singularly and by combining the following terms retrieved from the MeSH browser provided by MEDLINE: “Knowledge, awareness, attitude, practice, behavior, 12-year-old children, oral health.”RESULTS: Of 176 records found, 29 evaluated oral health KAP in 12-year-old children by structured questionnaires. The most important questions on knowledge (23 of 29 questionnaires) included some items which are focused on the importance of preserving natural teeth, effects of brushing, and sweets and soft drinks on the dentition. The most common questions on practice (28 questionnaires) were brushing activity and dental visits. The attitudes were evaluated by questions about fear of dental treatment, opinion about dentists and dental care (10 questionnaires).CONCLUSION: Considering differences in the available questionnaires showed that despite the importance of promotion of oral health by increasing knowledge, and improving attitudes and practice in 12-year-old children, more work is needed to form a standard questionnaire.
- انتشار مقاله: 09-08-1394
- نویسندگان: Maryam Rad,Arash Shahravan,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Diabetes Mellitus,Oral manifestation,Decayed Missing Filled Teeth,Periodontal Disease Index,Salivary Glucose
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: OBJECTIVE: Oral manifestations in diabetic patients can have different causes. Possibly, one of these causes is salivary glucose. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary glucose concentrations in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and their association with oral and dental manifestations and compare them with normal adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this analytical study, 128 patients with Type II DM and 132 non-diabetic healthy individuals were selected. The subjects’ blood and unstimulated salivary samples were collected. Salivary glucose concentrations were measured by glucose oxidase method. Then, the oral cavity and teeth were examined for oral manifestations such as ulcers, white and red plaques, lichenoid reaction, candidiasis and decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal disease index (PDI) indices. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that, in general, individuals with higher concentrations of salivary glucose had significantly higher DMFT and PDI, irrespective of belonging to the diabetic or the control group (P < 0.050). However, there was no significant correlation between salivary glucose concentrations and oral manifestations. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between salivary glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin in diabetic patients compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the salivary glucose concentration had a positive association with DMFT and PDI in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In this study, we found an association between salivary and blood glucose in diabetic patients.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-07-1393
- نویسندگان: Shahla Kakoei,Bahareh Hosseini,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Mojgan Sanjari,Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour,Ahmad Gholamhosseinian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Scanning Electron Microscope,Endodontic Instruments,Ultrasonic Cleaner
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study was carried out to compare three different ultrasonic cleaner devices in the cleaning process of endodontic instruments by scanning electron microscope (SEM). METHODS: In this study, 120 unused brand new hand and rotary instruments were examined after removing from the sealed package. The instruments were randomly divided into six groups of 20 rotary or hand files each and observed by SEM before ultra-sonication. Then, every pair of hand and rotary instruments was cleaned using one of the ultrasonic cleaner brands. Again the instruments were examined by SEM and assessed in three different parts, tip, middle and distance 16 (D16). SEM data were analyzed by Kurskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. RESULTS: The tip of the endodontic instruments was the most contaminated area before ultrasonic cleaning. Statistical analysis showed that all of the tested ultrasonic devices were significantly effective machines for debris removal from endodontic instruments. The hand and rotary instruments cleaned by one of the devices were significantly cleaner than the others (P < 0.050). There was a significant difference in cleaning of the separate parts of the instruments during ultra-sonication among ultrasonic cleaners. The tips of the instruments were significantly cleaner than the D16 parts (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION: Various ultrasonic devices have different ability for cleaning of endodontic instruments.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Masoud Parirokh,Zeynab Kazemizadeh,Arash Shahravan,Ghasem Sahranavard,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Prevalence,alcohol drinking,Systematic review
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran cannot be estimated because large variations have been observed in the reported prevalences of alcohol consumption. The main aim of this study was to assess the methodological challenges in estimation of the life time prevalence of alcohol consumed in Iran. By the same token we provided a standard approach for future researches in this regard. Methods: Published articles were reviewed systematically. Using the risk of bias tool, 49 out of 600 articles met the eligibility criteria. Based on the population of alcohol consumers, the included studies were categorized into 5 groups: general populations, patients, school students, university students, and specific population (first relatives of opium addicts and women who were faced with epistemic violence). Results: There was a paucity of reliable information in about 40% of provinces. Almost all studies applied the direct size estimation methods, but 11 studies used face to face interview and 38 studies used self-administered questionnaires. The non-response bias seemed prominent in entire studies except those on school students. It is important to mention that 97% of papers in general population did not represent any information about the non-response rate. The reported prevalence ranged from 1.37% in university students to 88.8% in patient population. Even among university students, the prevalence varied considerably (1.37% to 34.7%). Conclusion: The observed huge variations in the reported prevalence of alcohol consumption, due to the methodological consideration, appear largely in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a standard protocol for data collection and sampling to harmonize the findings in future studies. In addition, it is recommended to assess the frequency of alcohol use by indirect methods such as the Network Scale Up method.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-11-1396
- نویسندگان: Elham Mohebbi,Roya Nikbakht,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Mahshid Salemianpour,Azam Rastegari,Zahra Zolala,Shahrzad Motaghipisheh,Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- مشاهده