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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: mortality,India,Cancer Incidence,cancer registry
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Background: Cancer is emerging as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. Cancer registry figures help for planning and delivery of health services. This paper provided the first results of cancer incidence and mortality [Crude (CR) and age-standardized (ASR)] rates (world-standard population) of Trivandrum district, South India and compared with other registries under the network of National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP), Government of India. Materials and Methods: Trivandrum district cancer registry encompasses a population of 3.3 million, compiles data from nearly 75 sources (hospitals and diagnostic laboratories) and included under the NCRP in 2012. During 2012-2014, registry recorded 15,649 incident cases and 5667 deaths. Proportion of microscopic diagnosis was 85% and ‘Death certificate only’ was 8%. Results: Total cancer incidence (CRs) rates were 161 and 154 (ASR: 142.2 and 126) and mortality rates were 66 and 49 (ASR: 54 and 37) per 105 males and females respectively. Common cancers in males were lung (ASR:19), oral cavity (ASR:15), colo-rectum (ASR:11.2), prostate (ASR:10.2) and lymphoma (ASR:7) and in females, breast (ASR:36), thyroid (ASR:13.4), cervix-uteri (ASR:7.3), ovary (ASR:7) and colo-rectum (ASR:7). Nationally, the highest CRs for breast, prostate, colo-rectum, corpus-uteri and urinary bladder cancers and low incidence of cervix-uteri cancer were observed in Trivandrum. Conclusion: Cancer incidence (CR) in Trivandrum was the highest in both genders in India (except Aizwal). This is mainly due to the highest life-expectancy in Kerala. Also, an epidemiologic transition in cancer pattern is taking place and is changing to more similar to "western" jurisdictions.- انتشار مقاله: 20-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Aleyamma Mathew,Preethi Sara George,Kalavathy M C,Padmakumari G,Jagathnath Krishna K M,Paul Sebastian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Time-dependent Cox-model,non-proportional hazards,Schoenfeld global statistic,Renyi Statistic
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Background: Cancer survival depends on loss to follow-up (LFU) and non-proportional hazards (non-PH). If LFU is high, survival will be over-estimated. If hazard is non-PH, rank tests will provide biased inference and Cox-model will provide biased hazard-ratio. We assessed the bias due to LFU and non-PH factor in cancer survival and provided alternate methods for unbiased inference and hazard-ratio. Materials and Methods: Kaplan-Meier survival were plotted using a realistic breast cancer (BC) data-set, with >40%, 5-year LFU and compared it using another BC data-set with <15%, 5-year LFU to assess the bias in survival due to high LFU. Age at diagnosis of the latter data set was used to illustrate the bias due to a non-PH factor. Log-rank test was employed to assess the bias in p-value and Cox-model was used to assess the bias in hazard-ratio for the non-PH factor. Schoenfeld statistic was used to test the non-PH of age. For the non-PH factor, we employed Renyi statistic for inference and time dependent Cox-model for hazard-ratio. Results: Five-year BC survival was 69% (SE: 1.1%) vs. 90% (SE: 0.7%) for data with low vs. high LFU respectively. Age (<45, 46-54 & >54 years) was a non-PH factor (p-value: 0.036). However, survival by age was significant (log-rank p-value: 0.026), but not significant using Renyi statistic (p=0.067). Hazard ratio (HR) for age using Cox-model was 1.012 (95%CI: 1.004 -1.019) and the same using time-dependent Cox-model was in the other direction (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.997- 0.998). Conclusion: Over-estimated survival was observed for cancer with high LFU. Log-rank statistic and Cox-model provided biased results for non-PH factor. For data with non-PH factors, Renyi statistic and time dependent Cox-model can be used as alternate methods to obtain unbiased inference and estimates.- انتشار مقاله: 25-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Jagathnath Krishna K M,Aleyamma Mathew,Preethi Sara George
- مشاهده