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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Chemical Health Risks
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: magnesium,Calcium,ion chromatography,Edible Salt,Sulphate
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Natural elemental impurities are recognized as a threat for safety and quality of edible salt and have adverse effects on public health. In the current study, fiftysamples of packages containing 1 kg of salt from 25 different brands were collected from retailers in Semnan city (Iran). The concentrations of main impurities of edible salt including magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sulphate (SO4-2) ions were quantified by the aid of an Ion Chromatography with conductivity detector. According to findings, the maximum concentrations of Mg, Ca, and SO4-2 ions in salt samples were 0.067, 0.226, and 0.888 % w/w (dry matter basis), respectively. In addition, the concentration of Mg in 16%, Ca in 4%, and SO4-2 in 28% of samples suppressed the acceptable limit proposed by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI) (0.15% for Ca, 0.03% for Mg, and 0.46% for SO4-2). Moreover, the maximum and minimum levels of purity in the salt samples were recorded as 99.940 and 97.730%, respectively. Moreover, the purity in 12% of the investigated samples was lower than that of the minimum acceptable limit suggested by ISIRI, while the purity of 97% samples met the acceptable Codex Alimentarius limit (97% Min). Based on results of the current investigation, the routine purification processes used in some factories of Iran did not reduce impurities. Hence, purification process bedsides constant monitoring and safety management should be improved to promote the health quality of edible salt.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-08-1398
- نویسندگان: Ahmad Heydarieh,Majid Arabameri,Arezoo Ebrahimi,Atefeh Ashabi,Leila Monjazeb Marvdashti,Behdad Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh,Anna Abdolshahi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advance Researches in Civil Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Damping Ratio,Shear Modulus,Monte Carlo simulation,Reliability assessment
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Dynamic soil properties are very important topic in geotechnical earthquake engineering due to associated with dynamic loading. Probabilistic analysis of dynamic soil properties is as effective tools to evaluate uncertainty of soil parameters. In this paper, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used for reliability assessment of dynamic soil properties. For this purpose, a famous model is selected for predicting normalized shear modulus reduction and damping ratio curves. The selected stochastic parameters are internal friction angle, dry and saturated unit weight of soil which is modeled using normal probability distribution functions. To assess the reliability of dynamic soil parameters a computer model is developed for generating input parameter uncertainties. The results show that the shear modulus and damping ratio have more uncertainty for middle range of shear strain. The sensitivity analysis’s results show that saturated unit weight is the most effective parameter in shear modulus and damping ratio.
- انتشار مقاله: 19-09-1397
- نویسندگان: Ahmad Heydari,Aslan Jalilnejad,Maral Nonahal
- مشاهده