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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: lead poisoning,Blood Lead level,Plumbism,Opium Smoking,Inhalation,Opium Ingestion
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: During the recent years, risk of lead poisoning has increased in Iranian’s opium users. A few researches showed that the most common route was ingestion of lead contaminated opium in these patients. However, data on lead poisoning through inhalation route in opium smokers is scarce. The aim of the current study was to determine lead poisoning in opium smokers.
Method: In this case-controlled study, blood lead level (BLL) and clinical lead poisoning were assessed and compared between pure inhalational and pure ingestionally chronic opium users and healthy controls.
Results: There were totally 90 cases, 30 patients in each group (pure inhaler opium users, pure oral opium users, and control group). In chronic opium users (case group), mean age of the patients was 48.91±13.14 yeas (range; 22 to 79 years). Eighty-four (85%) patients were male (male to female ratio: 5.6/1). Mean BLL was 10.6±4.2 and 126.1±52µg/dL in opium smokers and ingestional users, respectively (P=0.001). The mean of BLL in healthy control group was 4.78 µg/dL±1.83.
Conclusion: In contrast to chronic ingestion of opium, the probability of absorption of lead via lungs is low when opium used by smoking and inhalation route. So, lead toxicity is not common in acute or chronic inhalational users of lead-contaminated opium.- انتشار مقاله: 29-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Nader Rezaei,Pouyan Alinia,Abbas Aghabiklooei,Shirin Izadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: toxicity,consciousness,Benzodiazepine,Aminophylline
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Loss of consciousness and respiratory failure are the most important medical problems in acute benzodiazepines (BZDs) toxicity. The possibility of respiratory apnea increases in intentional cases and also in the presence of underlying cardiopulmonary diseases. The inhibitory effect of aminophylline on adenosine receptor may be the cause of recovery of consciousness in patients intoxicated by BZDs. The effect of aminophylline as an agonist of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), on reversal of inhibitory effects of BZDs (benzodiazepines) on the brain and increasing the level of consciousness is the main question. Method: we reviewed literature sources on topic of aminophylline and consciousness. 29 articles were compiled from prestigious scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Elsevier, from 1983 to 2017. Results: This review showed that intravenous aminophylline can lead to clinical improvement of both consciousness and respiration via antagonizing sedation that induced by BZDs. Although administration of flumazenil is still the first choice for apnea related to BZDs overdose and it is also more potent than aminophylline on reversing sedation, aminophylline can be substituted when flumazenil is not available or when it has contraindication such as in epileptic patients and in overdoses with drugs capable of causing convulsion. Also, aminophylline is useful in those BZD-intoxicated patients with coincident underlying COPD and asthma. Conclusion: intravenous aminophylline could decrease the sedative effects of BZDs and also speed up the recovery of consciousness in patients under sedative effects of BZDs.
- انتشار مقاله: 22-10-1396
- نویسندگان: Abbas Aghabiklooei,Abbas Aghabiklooei,Abbas Aghabiklooei
- مشاهده