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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Water Sciences Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: discharge coefficient,Porousmedia,Inbuilt spillways
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: According to the former researcher’s presented relations for flow through rock-fill porous media, the effects of physical characteristics was not studied separately. Hence, due to the application of these relations, physical characteristics of porous materials effect must be investigated separately. In various constructed physical models of porous media, the effect of several variables such as unified coefficient of materials, kind of materials, material gradation and material figures on the parameters such as void ratio, raggedness and specified surface area of materials have been studied. These parameters have a significant effect on the flow discharge coefficient through rock-fill porous materials. In the defined research during this paper, using artificial unique spherical materials with diameters of 10, 37 and 75 mm with the same configuration, the effect of parameters including specified area of rock-fill materials, figure of rock-fill materials and the size of rock-fill materials on the hydraulic characteristics of discharge flow through rock-fill porous media in rock-fill dam models with inbuilt spillway and spillways on the upstream face, have been studied. Also, using the data of these experiments in combination with the data of experiments of the former researches on the natural rock-fill materials, dimensionless relations of Bazargan have been investigated. Finally, using statistical multi variable analysis, a dimensionless relation with maximum correlation coefficient and acceptable accuracy based on the physical characteristics has been presented.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-02-1394
- نویسندگان: J Bazargan,H Zamanisabzi,H Hashemi,A.R Moazami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Solar Energy Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Solar Energy,Daylight,Climate,architecture,Atria
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Atrium is a semi-open space area that is located within a building. It usually includes a large space that was a distinctive part of ancient Roman dwellings are with providing natural daylight and organic ventilation to the interior spaces are its basic functions. In other word it is a semi-pubic area such as; large opening or courtyard since 2000 years ago. After modernity of architecture, they have some large windows and/or a glazed roof. In resent centuries of development, benefits of atrium can be identified in environmental, economic and architectural aspects. As it mentioned, atrium is being used in the large-scale building such as; complexes, retail shopping malls and large office. Some of the valuable local buildings which include atrium are reviewed to render some clear picture on the design and its application of the feature building emphasizing on the solar renewable energy. In this paper, four roles of atria are presented in urban, architecture, space and climate. However, the atrium provides: lighting, ventilation, heating, cooling into the interior spaces and also in the other hand, causes an integration and correlation in space between inside and outside of building, and also between building and city. Some examples such as; the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, Royal Library of Copenhagen and some Roman atrium are shown in this paper. Finally, availability of daylight via atria considered in four models and alternatives after defining the rate of light penetration.
- انتشار مقاله: 08-09-1396
- نویسندگان: M. Ouria,A. Sadeghi,A. Azami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Solar Energy Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Strategies,Human Health,Daylighting,Sick Building
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Even though human beings feel cheerful and happy when living and working under artificial light, but science have proved that feeling healthy, happiness and well-being is dependent on daylighting conditions in the working & living. One of the major reasons behind it refers to spreading of diseases like bone diseases, rickets, heart failure disease, cancer and stress. Nowadays, inappropriate utilization of daylighting in buildings’ interior spaces resulted encountering sick syndrome for building users. However, the quality of any architectural space designed is measured by the healthy factor of those buildings, that is to say what extend the space adapts daylight in its design process. Presently, there are many softwares available for architects which could be used to analyse building adaptation with daylighting strategies affect the healthy issues outcomes in the built environment. The research finding indicates that daylight has a great impact in human health, psychology, productivity and well- being.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-05-1396
- نویسندگان: M. Osman,M. Ghaffarzadeh,Z. Sirous,M. Khatibi,A. Azami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Solar Energy Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Stress,Natural Lighting Electromagnetic Spectrum,RVP,Biological Human Body
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this paper, the features and types of lighting in different environments have been reviewed to highlight their effects on the biological human body. Secondly, strategies for domesticating healthy daylight in buildings and design of light sources have been graphically presented to define their critical zones. Next, the mechanism of body organs against light considered in different environments with different values. Finally, the rate of antidepressants consumption and average hours of sunlight per year in the most populous cities of twenty-one countries presented that shows an inverse relationship between antidepressants consumption and average hours of sunlight. Inappropriate lighting may harm physiological systems such as the visual, the nervous and the endocrine, the pineal, and the pituitary systems, as well as cardiac activity and skin conductance. It is noticeable that each problem creates or increases stress and depression. Natural daylight produces serotonin which is called the happiness hormone. Therefore, the rate of depression among residents of southern blocks, who absorb more daylight, is less than other blocks in winter. The most effective factor to obtain daylight and its pertinent quality is appropriate orientation. On the other hand, indoor lighting quality defines the level of visual comfort, which is measured and evaluated under the Relative Visual (RV) Performance model.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-05-1397
- نویسندگان: M. Ouria,S. Sayyah,A. Azami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Razi Institute
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cardiomyopathy,Doxorubicin,Echocardiography,Electron microscopy,Rat Heart
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the secondary metabolites of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. It is a common and effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of different diseases, including lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer, and solid tumors. However, this medicine causes cardiotoxic side effects, which limit its clinical application. The present study examined the cardiomyopathy induced by DOX via echocardiography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The main objective was to evaluate the capacity of echocardiography and TEM as diagnostic tools for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, the correlation between intracellular and functional changes due to cardiotoxicity was assessed in a rat model. Cardiomyopathy was induced in rats by two cumulative doses of DOX. Group I received DOX 12 [i.e., 12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)] and group II received DOX 15 (i.e., 15 mg/kg, IP) in six equal doses over two weeks. Group III as the control (Ctrl) group received normal saline as a vehicle. Mortality during the study was only observed in the DOX 15 group. The echocardiographic assessments revealed significant changes in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and heart rate in the groups which received DOX. In addition, severe cardiac arrhythmia was evident in DOX-treated groups. Remarkable adverse effects, such as moderately degenerated cells and inflated mitochondria were observed in the TEM analysis of rat hearts in the DOX groups. The present study indicated that rat models are suitable for investigating DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, especially at the dose of 12 mg/kg. Furthermore, echocardiography and TEM examinations were found to be valuable methods for the determination of cardiotoxicity in rats due to DOX.
- انتشار مقاله: 26-10-1396
- نویسندگان: H. Babaei,N. Razmaraii,Gh. Assadnassab,A. Mohajjel Nayebi,Y. Azarmi,D. Mohammadnejad,A. Azami
- مشاهده