چکیده:
با توجه به اینکه آسایش حرارتی در مسکن روزمینی عموماً از طریق تجهیزات مکانیکی تامین میشود، شناخت میزان آسایش حرارتی در بناهایزیرزمینی و خاکپناه- که در آن از هیچگونه وسیله مکانیکی استفاده نمیشود-، ضرورت مییابد. لذا در این مقاله چگونگی رفتار حرارتی بناهای خاکپناه در روستای میمندکرمان به عنوان مساله اصلی مطرح شد. بدین منظور تاثیر متغیرهای معماری و اقلیمی بناهای خاکپناه میمند بر چگونگی رفتار حرارتی، هدف اصلی پژوهش تلقی گردید. سوالاصلی اینست که بناهای مسکونی خاکپناه میمند چه نوع رفتار حرارتی در دوره OHp (دوره گرم سال) از خود نشان میدهند که برای پاسخ به آن، از روش پژوهشموردی بهره گرفته شد. بناهای مسکونی خاکپناه در روستای میمند بصورتی انتخاب شدند که نماینده کل جامعه آماری باشد. این پژوهش با استفاده از اندازهگیریهای میدانی در پی شناخترفتار حرارتی بناهای مسکونی خاکپناه روستای میمند میباشد و اندازهگیریها در روزهای 11، 12و 13 مرداد سال 1398 به عنوان نماینده دوره گرم سال انجام شد. متغیرهای اقلیمی دمایهوا و رطوبتنسبی در بناهای خاکپناه توسط دستگاه ثبت داده، اندازهگیری و همچنین از ایستگاه همدیدشهر بابک برای اطلاعات اقلیمی روستای میمند کمک گرفته شد. اطلاعات بدست آمده توسط دستگاه ثبت داده با استفاده از شاخص آسایش حرارتی گیونی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در نمودار زیستاقلیمی گیونی، محدوده آسایش حرارتی توسط متغیرهای درجهحرارت و رطوبتنسبی محدود شدهاست. در نهایت نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که رفتار حرارتی تمامی بناهای خاکپناه میمند در دوره گرم سال بسیار مطلوب بوده و بیشینه آسایش حرارتی مربوط به بناهایی است که دارایبیشترین نفوذ در عمق خاک، شاکله دو اتاقی (دو اتاق پشت سر هم)، جهتگیری جنوبی و جنوب شرقی نسبت به تابش خورشید و قرارگیری در تراز ارتفاعی میانی توپوگرافی میباشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction Since thermal comfort in day-to-day housing is generally provided by mechanical equipment, it is necessary to know the degree of thermal comfort in underground and earthsheltered - where no mechanical means are used. Find out. In this paper, the main issue is how the thermal behavior of Earth Sheltered buildings in the village of Meymand Kerman. The ancient village of Meymand is located 38 km northeast of Babak city of Kerman province. The latitude of the village is 30 degrees north and 13 minutes north and 55 degrees 25 minutes. It is also 2240 meters above sea level. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of architectural and climatic variables on the thermal behavior of Meymand Earth Sheltered buildings. The key question is what kind of thermal housing exhibits thermal behavior during the OHP (warm year) period, and which Earth sheltered buildings exhibits better thermal behavior. Materials and methods The research method in this article is case study, and the earth sheltered residential buildings - as a case study - in Meymand village are selected to represent the whole statistical population. Therefore, the aforementioned buildings are divided into 4 categories A, B, C and D based on the type of sunlight orientation, altitude position on the slope of the mountain, type of shape and depth of penetration. Finally, out of the approximately 2,500 rooms (8 buildings), 8 Earth Shelterd Buildings representing most of the existing buildings in Meymand are selected as a case study. This study aims to identify the thermal behavior of residential buildings in Meymand village using field measurements. The measurements are performed on the 2th, 3th and 4th of August 2019 as representative of the warm period of the year. Climatic variables of temperature and relative humidity in earth shelterd buildings are measured by a data logger. It is also assisted by Babak City Synoptic Station to obtain climatic information from the village of Meymand. The data obtained by the data logger are analyzed and analyzed using the Givoni thermal comfort index. In the Givoni bioclimatic diagram, the range of thermal comfort is constrained by the variables of temperature and relative humidity. Results and discussion The results of comparing the thermal behavior of earth sheltered buildings in the Givoni bioclimatic diagram showed that most of the earth sheltered buildings in the OHP period provide thermal comfort to humans. Due to the comfort zone in the Givoni climate chart, most of the points are in the comfort zone. Unlike everyday housing, underground and earth sheltered buildings can provide optimal thermal comfort without the use of mechanical equipment for humans. Also, the bioclimatic diagram of Meymand village showed that there is a large difference in temperature during the day and night which indicates that Meymand village has dry climate. Therefore, one of the things that can be used for human thermal comfort is the utilization of the thermal mass of the earth, which is objectively the case in the rocky village of Meymand. The findings of the Givoni Bioclimatic diagram show that the buildings that are at an average altitude of the mountain have better thermal behavior than the other buildings. Also, buildings with southeast and south orientation have more thermal comfort than other buildings. The west-facing Group A buildings are the coldest in the village. Of course, Group A buildings behave more favorably than other buildings at noon when the local climate (outdoor environment) reaches its maximum. But between sunset and sunrise as the Earth loses heat and cools down, the temperature in Group A buildings is reduced and warm and comfortable clothing should be used to create thermal comfort. The results show that Group B buildings have a more balanced thermal behavior than other buildings throughout the day. It is worth noting that Group B buildings have relatively higher temperatures at noon than other buildings, but fall within the range of thermal comfort. Finally, after studying and analyzing the case samples, it was found that B-2 and C-1 are the best thermal comfort buildings in the daytime. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the thermal behavior of Meymand earth sheltered buildings during the warm period is optimal and the maximum thermal comfort is related to the buildings with the most infiltration on Earth depth, two-chamber Formation (two consecutive chambers), south orientation. -East south is exposed to sunlight and be in the middle altitude of the mountain.
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