چکیده انگلیسی:
Microorganisms constitute more than half of the Earth's biomass and in addition to quantity, they represent great diversity. In January 2013, the number of officially registered names for prokaryotic microorganisms at the genus and species levels were, respectively, approximately 2100 and 12000. Current authorized methods for classification and identification of new microbial taxa are polyphasic approaches which make use of a codified set of characteristics for classification of microorganisms. Here, we present a brief overview of criteria by which prokaryotes are classified and subsequently summarize some recent findings on the microbial flora of Iran. Among all microbial taxa identified to date, six taxa at the genus level and 24 taxa at the species level were first discovered in and reported from Iran. This attests to the existence of a rich microbial diversity in Iran. Among the species, four belong to the Archaea and the others belong to the Bacteria domain. The bacterial taxa consist of six Gram- negative species within Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phylems and 20 Gram-positive taxa that are among the Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and related organisms. It is incumbent that further focus be placed on the rich ecological diversity of Iran, and it is expected that this will result in identification of new endemic microorganisms.
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