چکیده:
سرعت در قالب فناوریهای مدرن اخیر، به تغییرات گسترده، شتابان و غیرمنطیق بر بستر اجتماعی-کالبدی شهرها دامن زده است. هدف کلان و نظری این نوشتار، بررسی ابعاد گوناگون سرعت، برقراری ارتباط دوسویه میان مفاهیم سرعت و ساختار شهر از طریق استخراج و دسته بندی اعصار چندگانه سرعت در مقیاس جهانی و ایران، و مقایسه تحلیلی-انطباقی آنها میباشد. هدف خرد و عملیاتی موضوع، بدست آوردن محورهای چندحرکتی-چندسرعتی تأثیرگذار بر شکل دهی به ساختار شهر شیراز است. بدین ترتیب با بکارگیری روش چیدمان فضا و معیار ارزش همپیوندی در ساختار شهر شیراز در چهار عصر سرعت بدست آمده؛ همچنین بررسی تفصیلی عصر حاضر در قالب تحلیل زیرساختهای فیزیکی، مجازی و شیوه های گوناگون سفر، به پراکندگی و تعدد محورهای عمدتاً شرقی-غربی، چندحرکتی-چندسرعتی با تمرکز بیشتر در بافت میانه شهر شیراز پی برده شده است. بر این اساس با پیوستگی و پخشایش متعادل محورهای بدست آمده، دستیابی به ساختار شهری منسجم میسر میشود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Speed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudden and hasty effect in a physical or even virtual environment which can lead to non conformities and a kind of disruption in present function of the system and would be harmful to the new agent, the environment itself or other users of it. So the pervasive impact of speed in changing communities and the human settlements is revealed. In detailed point of view, the study of variety of technological tools and the plurality of physical infrastructures in Shiraz urban structure shows the emergence of multiple speeds that led to the complexity, extension and dispersion of the city. Therefore, this amount of change in a short period of time caused a serious problem especially in measurement and evaluation of the city's structure. On this basis, the goal of this article is to gain a comprehensive view of speed, furthermore achieving an interrelationship between speed and urban structure is considered. This is investigated and analyzed through four speed ages extracted in both global and national scale. The objectives would be obtaining the urban corridors in the structure of Shiraz city in four speed ages which has the highest potential of mobility and this is coinciding with the definition of speed extracted in the epochs mentioned before. The proof of this claim is performed through space syntax analysis and its most practical criterion which is called the integration value. Moreover, in order to carry out a comprehensive and detailed investigation of speed in the present age, the study of different modes of transportation comprised of bus corridors, special taxi corridors and metro stations is done. Also the network analysis in physical context which has been done through space syntax, is applied. Besides, the virtual infrastructure of two main telephone portables in Iranian networks including Irancell and MCI coverage is studied. The overlapping of the above maps results the multi mobility-multi speed corridors in the structure of Shiraz which is comprised of a wide range of speed between minimum and maximum rate in the categories of natural speed, mechanical speed and virtual speed. These corridors achieve their multi functional characteristics through a historical and evolutionary process. The aforementioned corridors are the main streets ending to the five entrances of Shiraz city, number of corridors agglomerated in central part of city, and many east-west corridors versus few north-south corridors scattered in different city directions. As a result, in order to make a coherent and integrated structure, it is important to consider proper distribution of corridors in the north-south direction along with east-west direction also making an appropriate connection between these directions is suggested. The augmentation and reinforcement of south and east corridors together with north and west, also strengthening and emphasizing on the corridors connected to the peripheral settlements is recommended.
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