چکیده:
در عصر حاضر نادیده گرفتن مشکلات مربوط به زنان در واقع انحراف از مسیر توسعهی همه جانبه و پایدار است. زنان به عنوان بخشی از سرمایه انسانی و پرورش‌دهندگان نسل امروز و آینده عامل مؤثری در پیشبرد اهداف توسعه در یک جامعه محسوب میشوند و باید ضمن تقویت مشارکت زنان در همه سطوح جامعه از توان آن‌ها در همه جوانب مدیریتی و برنامه‌ریزی در جامعه استفاده شود. از این رو هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناخت رابطه بین نقش‌های مدیریتی با ویژگیهای شخصیتی زنان بر اساس آموزههای اسلامی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را 200 نفر از زنان مدیر در سازمان‌های دولتی استان خراسان رضوی تشکیل میدهند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده در نهایت 143 نفر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه بوده و روایی سازه از طریق تحلیل عاملی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از طریق مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که تمامی ویژگیهای شخصیتی زنان شامل ایمان به خدا، مهربانی، احساسی بودن، تحمل بالا، روابط عمومی بالا، انعطاف‌پذیری، ریسک‌پذیری و اعتماد به نفس با نقش‌های مدیریتی رابطه مثبت و معنادار دارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In the present age, ignoring the problems of women is in fact a deviation from the path of sustainable development. Women as a part of human capital and nurturers of today and the next generation are considered as an effective factor in advancing development goals in society and, therefore, while strengthening women's participation in all levels of society, their potential should be used in all levels of management and planning in society. This research aims to identify the relation between management roles and the personality characteristics of women based on Islamic teachings. The statistical population of this study consists of 200 female managers in government organizations in Khorasan Razavi province. Finally, 143 people were studied using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and the validity of the structure was examined through factor analysis. The analysis of the research data was carried out by structural equations modelling using the SPSS software. The findings of this study showed that all personality traits of women, including faith in God, kindness, emotionality, high tolerance, high public relations, flexibility, risk-taking and self-confidence, have a positive and significant relationship with the managerial roles.
Key Words: Management roles, Personality characteristics of women, Islamic teaching
Introduction Women's management, has been considered one of the most important issues both in developing and developed countries, by experts from different perspectives. International agencies also pay special attention to the situation of women in different countries. Therefore, women’s issues especially their participation in the decision-making process and presence in top management have been taken into account (Jafarnejad and Esfidani, 2005). Although many countries have made significant progress with assigning top management to women, most Iranian governmental organizations tend to appoint men to managerial positions (Esfidani, 2002). Nowadays, one reason for the increase in the number of women in leadership positions is that modeling successful female managers increase the productivity of other female employees (Holdan et al., 2018). Generally, many inequalities exist between men and women in every society, especially in business marketplaces and job management (Moeinian, 1396). Women are the key to the growth and development in developing countries. Today, women’s full participation in all fields, including their empowerment and equality-based decision-making and community management is a prerequisite for sustainable development, something that our country desperately needs. On the other hand, take leadership positions not just increases women's confidence when confronted with discriminations like unequal employment, unequal wages, unequal professional training opportunities, unequal access to productive resources, and unequal professional growth, but it also increases self-confidence to gain an independent identity, status, and growth which benefits entire society (Zidane 2008). Progress and development of any society depend on the evolvement of the society’s management system. If the leadership styles are appropriate and leaders have ideal personality traits, they can guarantee employees’ mental health, keep the organization dynamic and strengthen it as a solid mountain (Haqqani et al. 2010). Islamic management also emphasizes personality traits and pays special attention to women. Considered as one of the important indicators of gender development and women's empowerment is women's participation in major decisions of the country as well as their presence in leadership positions. Despite numerous plans in this area, the presence of women in leadership positions is not yet prominent and women seem to face some challenges in career development and promotion (Esfidani ، 1384). In Iran, women make up almost half of the population. The glorious presence of women in the formation and continuation of the Islamic Republic and extensive participation in economic, social, cultural, scientific, political, and managerial fields show the enthusiasm and commitment of this great and valuable force in the labor market and shows that their effort and activity equals to men and even surpasses. However, the proportion of women in managerial and decision-making positions is much lower than that of men. As a result, their share of political, economic, cultural managerial roles is not comparable to the share of men. And yet from the Islamic point of view, women enjoy equal access to all human rights and privileges. In the divine system, the basis of Islamic management is social relations and meritocracy with divine characteristics.To gain development, women, like everyone else in such systems, must be involved in leadership positions in various fields. (Babaian et al., 2014). Meanwhile, the main issue is women's access to management tools, and research on management roles suitable for women to gradually prepare them for top-level managerial positions in the country. In Iran, increasing the potential of women in social and economic fields requires a change in the social attitude towards women and a shift in thinking that governs the country's macro-planning and policy-making system, which requires access to comprehensive information and scientific analysis of the potentials of women in Iran (Esfidani, 2002). So, considering the need for paving the way for women's greater participation in policy-making, management, and planning in the society, and the importance of examining women's personality traits from the perspective of Islamic teachings in governmental organizations, the question is, what do managerial roles have to do with women's personality traits based on Islamic teachings?
Methodology This is a descriptive survey since it describes the roles of managers as well as their personality traits and examines the impact of these traits on the performance of managerial roles by women. The statistical population of the study included 200 women in managerial roles in Khorasan Razavi province and among them, 150 individuals were selected based on the Cochran formula using a simple random sampling method. To clarify the theoretical background, the collecting library information method was used. To develop questions for the first part, a standard questionnaire was used to measure the effectiveness of human resource management adapted from Beach et al., 2016, and for the second part, the standard questionnaire was used for personality traits adapted from Neo, 2016. This study used a 35-item standard questionnaire, which assessed managerial roles with 11 questions and women's personality traits with 24 questions. To confirm the reliability of the questionnaire all components were examined using the Cronbach alpha test. Results The general hypothesis of this study was to investigate the relationship between managerial roles and women's personality traits in governmental organizations in Khorasan Razavi province, which was confirmed. Simply put, strengthening the expressed characteristics such as faith in God, kindness, emotionality, high resilience, high public relations, self-confidence, flexibility, and risk-taking are found to have a positive influence on succession in the managerial role that women play.
Discussion In the so-called technological age, organizations increasingly need the expertise and wisdom of managers, and organizations gain efficiency and effectiveness under the guidance of dedicated active managers. Managers’ behavior comes from both organizational and personality dimensions. Depending on the individual differences that prevail between human beings, different personalities are formed. A person’s personality traits lead him to adopt appropriate behavior in a particular situation. This basically means, to have scientific intelligence and expertise, managers must have a sound personality. In this case, he will enjoy the workflow and will do everything honestly, and combines creativity in his work. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between managerial roles and personality traits of women based on Islamic teachings (studied by governmental organizations in Khorasan Razavi province). In general, it can be said that the nature of development without the participation of women in various social spheres won’t be achievable. The traditional misconceptions about women's empowerment are due to some neglect of women’s rights, and better goals can be achieved by investing, planning, and providing opportunities for more participation of this segment of society in the social sphere.
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