چکیده:
این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی بر کارآفرینی زنان در خانه‌های کارآفرینی شهرداری تهران انجام شده است. جامعه آماری، 30 خانه کارآفرینی شهرداری تهران است که در هر خانه، 100 کارآفرین وجود دارد. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان استفاده شد که 265 نفر برآورد گردید. برای سنجش پایایی ابزار اندازه‌گیری پژوهش از آزمون ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد سه متغیر عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر کارآفرینی زنان تأثیر می‌گذارند که در طول 3 گام وارد معادله رگرسیونی شدند. در نخستین گام ویژگی‌های شخصیتی وارد معادله رگرسیونی شد و ضریب آن برابر با 248/0بود. در گام دوم ارتباط با انجمن‌های زنان وارد معادله رگرسیونی شد که ضریب آن برابر با 937/0 بود و در گام سوم الگوی نقش وارد معادله شد که ضریب آن برابر با 339/0 بود. از این روابط میتوان نتیجه گرفت عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی نسبت به سایر متغیرها به مراتب تاثیر مهم‌تری بر کارآفرینی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In developing countries, women are the first hope for family development, growth, and development in their own countries. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of cultural and social factors on women entrepreneurship in Tehran's municipality's entrepreneurial homes. The statistical population includes 30 municipal entrepreneurial houses in Tehran, each with 100 entrepreneurs. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, estimated at 265 people. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was used to measure the reliability of the research instrument. The findings showed that three variables of social and cultural factors affect women's entrepreneurship, which entered the regression equation over the three stages. In the first step, the individual and personality traits entered the regression equation and its coefficient was 248/0. In the second step, the association with women's associations entered the regression equation, whose coefficient was equal to 9,377; in the third step, the role model entered the equation, which was equal to 339/0. From these relationships, it can be concluded that cultural and social factors have a far more important impact than entrepreneurs on other variables.
Keywords Entrepreneurship- Women's Entrepreneurship- Socio-cultural evaluation- Municipal Entrepreneurship Homes
Introduction Throughout history, women have worked alongside men and made up a significant portion of the human capital of production in rural and urban areas. The significant increase in the number of working women is an undeniable fact of Iranian society. However, a small number of employed women are entrepreneurs (Karimi et al., 2013). Meanwhile, recognizing the women’s abilities and guiding their creative talents can be effective in using the potentials of this large segment of society (Maleki, 1998: 22). In this way, not only can we recognize various constraints and limitations of women entrepreneurs, but also figure out the existing measures and facilities that can be studied to remove the obstacles. Providing citizens with basic and economic opportunities to express creative and entrepreneurial business ideas is one of the approaches of Tehran Municipality. So that along with playing a facilitating role in urban entrepreneurship, by creating job opportunities, will take a serious step in supporting the lower-class society. This study aims to evaluate the impact of socio-cultural factors on women's entrepreneurship in entrepreneurship houses of Tehran Municipality. In addition, this study seeks to examine individual characteristics and socio-cultural factors on the entrepreneurship rate of women entrepreneurs.
Methodology This is a survey research for which the statistical population included active entrepreneurship houses in Tehran, (N = 3000). The Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, estimating the required sample size at 265 people, of whom 250 questionnaires were collected.
Results The results revealed that for the relationship variable, cultural activities in entrepreneurship are very important. Also, the relationship and acquaintances with women entrepreneurs affect women. Despite the appropriateness of women's associations, active participation in these associations is not a high priority for women. The role model variable with a coefficient of 0.339 showed that innovation and income increase are very important for women entrepreneurs. According to entrepreneurs, innovation increases theire income.
Discussion The results showed that “I like hard work”, “Success in work and life (success) is important to me”, I like cooperation and teamwork” are the first three priorities of individual and professional characteristics of entrepreneurs. In terms of social attitudes, “I am a strict and unforgiving person”, “I have a high level of commitment”, and “I prefer to work with others instead of competing with them” are the last three. Therefore, it can be concluded that entrepreneurs aim to succeed in their lives and strive to achieve this success. They also have good social relationships and try to be gentle and responsible in their social interactions. References Abu al-Qasim; Zarnegarian and Zarei (2011), The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Promoting Entrepreneurial Capacity as Part of General Employment Policies, The First National Conference on Education in Iran 1404, Tehran, Research Institute for Science, Technology and Industry Policy. 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