چکیده:
محمداسماعیل ریاحی، دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه مازندران * توحید علیزاده، کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی دانشگاه مازندران معصومه اشتیاقی، کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی دانشگاه مازندران مهرداد کاظمیان، کارشناسی ارشد پژوهشگری اجتماعی دانشگاه مازندران چکیده با اذعان به نقش رسانهها در شکل دهی و یا تغییر هویت افراد، مقاله حاضر به بررسی رابطه بین تلویزیون و هویت دینی دانشجویان دانشگاه مازندران پرداخته است. شناسایی وضعیت هویت دینی دانشجویان از یک سو و میزان و نوع استفاده دانشجویان از تلویزیون به مثابه کالایی فرهنگی از سوی دیگر و نیز ارتباط میان میزان و نوع استفاده از تلویزیون با هویت دینی دانشجویان، از مهمترین اهدافی بود که در پژوهش حاضر دنبال شد. در این پژوهش با به کارگیری روش پیمایش، از پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها استفاده شد و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته در میان 373 نفر دانشجو که به عنوان نمونه آماری، با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای انتخاب شده بودند، توزیع گردید. یافتههای توصیفی تحقیق مؤید سطح نسبتاً بالای هویت دینی در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه مازندران بوده است؛ اگر چه بین ابعاد گوناگون هویت دینی تفاوتهایی مشاهده شده است؛ چنانکه بعد اعتقادی دارای بیشترین میانگین (61/4 از 5) بوده و بعد مناسکی کمترین میانگین (63/3 از 5) را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین، یافتهها گویای آن است که میزان مصرف تلویزیون در بین دانشجویان در حدی پایین‌تر از متوسط (میانگین 37/2 از 5) است. نتایج تحلیلی پزوهش حاضر گویای این واقعیت است که بین میزان مصرف تلویزیون با همه ابعاد هویت دینی و همچنین دینداری کل دانشجویان، رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد؛ اگرچه، از میان ابعاد چهارگانه هویت دینی، بعد اعتقادی دارای بیشترین شدت رابطه (213/0) با میزان استفاده از تلویزیون بوده است. همچنین، بین ابعاد چهارگانه هویت دینی با انواع برنامههای تلویزیونی، رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار مشاهده شده است، لیکن از میان ابعاد هویت دینی، بعد پیامدی دارای بیشترین شدت رابطه (513/0) با برنامههای صرفاً مذهبی بوده است. بعد اعتقادی نیز دارای بیشترین شدت رابطه (321/0) با سایر برنامهها بود. بر مبنای نتایج پژوهش حاضر، چنین به نظر می‌رسد که هر چه میزان تماشای برنامههای صرفاً مذهبی افزایش یابد، می‌توان به موازات آن افزایشی را در بعد پیامدی هویت دینی به انتظار نشست.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction One of the features of society and even the human nature is to seek safety and comfort in religion. Fear of death and sufferings, make humans in need of faith in God. As one of the most important social institutions in formulating meaning of life, religion has always had a special place. It is a social as well as divine phenomenon, and as it is mentioned in the holy books, it is sent to save humanity from life's difficulties and tragedies. According to the socio-cultural structure of Iranian society, religious identity has a prominent place among other forms of identities (national, ethnic, gender, etc.). With the development of communication technologies and the emergence of mass media such as newspapers, television and cinema, different aspects of our social activities are affected by these phenomenon. Indeed, it is an agreed-upon fact that in the cotemporary world, the formation of our personality and social identity has been assigned to mass media. In this regard, television has undoubtedly a prominent position. According to Giddens, the advent of television strongly influenced everyday-life patterns, because many people adjust their activities around certain television programs. The entrance of television into Iranian society is almost a new event, but even in this short time, its deep and lasting effects on social relationships and the Iranian-Islamic identity can be seen clearly. The TV provide us with an overall framework and attitude towards social life, and influence our social identity, specially our religious identity. Due to its importance in providing this framework, we need to evaluate its consequences and impacts on social relationships. From this perspective, not only is the TV a mere entertainment provider, but also an active information and communication tool which has lasting effects on reproduction of culture and collective identity of the society. Thus, any study of television effects on religious identity is important. In addition, to identify the rate and type of television usage among students as a young group of society, and its relation to their identity, can help planners and policy makers to design strategies and policies specifically for this group. Because of the complexity of the issue, to examine the effects of television on religious identity, it seems that only one theory is insufficient to explain the issue completely. Therefore, a combined theoretical framework was used in this study to explain the effects of television, on religious identity. The main objectives of this study were to ascertain: 1) the studentsâ religious identity, 2) the rate and type of television consumption as a cultural commodity, and 3) and the relationship between rate and type of television consumption with religious identity of students.
Materials & Methods The study has been conducted via survey method. Research population included 12962 formally enrolled students of Mazandaran University, of whom 373 individuals were selected by means of multi-stage cluster sampling method, to fill a self-administered questionnaire. A 14-item scale is used to measure the rate and type of television consumption. Also, a 4 dimensional scale with 26 items was applied to measure religious identity (the dimensions being theological, experiential or emotional, outcome and ritual). The pre-test of final questionnaires was done in two stages among 100 respondents. Finally, all gathered data was analyzed using SPSS software. Discussion of Result & Conclusions The findings of the study indicate that in general students have a high level of religious identity. However, there are some variances as one considers different levels of religious identity by its four dimensions for example, the highest and lowest reported scores belonged to theological (average of 4.61 out of 5) and ritual (average of 3.63) dimensions, respectively. Also, research findings on the rate of television consumption indicate that the status of television consumption among students is at a moderate to low level (average of 2.37 from 5). Furthermore, a considerable number of students (7.5 percent) never watch television. As explained in the Cultivation Theory, as a low-consuming audience of television, students watch TV in a selective and programmed fashion, only for 2 or less hours per day, but the usage of other media, especially the Internet, is higher among them. When Students consume television as a cultural commodity, they try to be "active", which means they try to interpret the content of the received program "actively". It seems that using other mass media (the Internet, books, magazines, etc.), and lack of access to the TV, and/or reluctance to watch national television programs, are responsible for this low level of TV consumption among students. This finding would be more important if one notice that according to sociologists' views (e.g. Giddens), today television could have very serious effects on daily-life patterns. One of the important findings of the present study is that it seems that along with increase in the consumption of national TV among students, the level of religious identity also tends to increase. This finding must be paid attention to by policy makers. Another important result of this study is the content of the programs watched by students as well as their effects on their religious identity. Entertainment and leisure programs (average of 3.29 from 5) were the first favorable programs while the least are those oriented towards religious issues (average of 2.23). The results of this study indicate that a reconsideration of the quality and quantity of religious programs on national TV is important in strengthening students' religious identity. On the other hand, this will have a great influence on the outcome dimension of religious identity. The findings suggest that higher levels of consumption of different TV programs can be effective on traditional religious identity of students. Therefore, filling the leisure time of individuals, especially young students, by television programs, could be seen as an effective strategy to be regarded by the relevant authorities. In fact, working on the quality of television programs and make them adjustable with the need of society, especially young students, is an important way to protect religious identity.
خبرنامه
برای ثبت نام در خبرنامه و دریافت خبرنامه ایمیل خود را وارد نمایید.
