چکیده:
یکی از موضوع‌هایی که در دهه‌های اخیر وارد حوزه جامعه‌شناسی شده و توجه بسیاری از محققان اجتماعی را به‌خود جلب کرده، نقش مهم تعیین کننده‌های اجتماعی در سلامت انسان است. در این مقاله، رابطه سلامت با برخی از تعیین‌کننده‌های اجتماعی شامل دینداری، سبک زندگی سلامت محور و حمایت اجتماعی آزمون می‌شود. این مطالعه یک مطالعه پیمایشی است که جمعیت آماری آن را دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز تشکیل می‌دهند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز برای سنجه‌های دینداری، سبکزندگی سلامت محور، حمایت اجتماعی و سلامت (جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی) با پرسشنامه از یک نمونه 350 نفری که براساس فرمول کوکران تعیین و به روش طبقه‌ای متناسب انتخاب شدند، به دست آمد. آزمون‌های اعتبار و پایایی مؤید اعتبار و پایایی بالای سنجه‌ها بود. براساس یافته‌های تحقیق متغیرهای دینداری، سبک زندگی سلامت محور و حمایت اجتماعی 8/36 درصد تغییرات سلامت کل، 6/16 درصد تغییرات سلامت جسمی، 2/31 درصد تغییرات سلامت روانی و 6/32 درصد تغییرات سلامت اجتماعی را تبیین می‌کنند. از نظر آماری دینداری دارای تأثیر معنادار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر سلامت کل است، ولی در ابعاد مختلف سلامت، تأثیر دینداری به شیوه‌های مختلف نمودار می‌شود. دینداری به‌طور غیرمستقیم و ازطریق متغیر سبک زندگی سلامت محور بر سلامت جسمی تأثیر دارد. اثر دینداری بر سلامت اجتماعی به‌طور غیرمستقیم و از طریق حمایت اجتماعی است. تأثیر دینداری بر سلامت روانی هم به طور مستقیم و هم به طور غیرمستقیم (ازطریق حمایت اجتماعی) تأیید می‌شود. این یافته‌ها دلالت‌های نظریه‌های کارکردگرا درخصوص اثر مثبت دینداری بر سبک زندگی سلامت محور، حمایت اجتماعی و سلامتی، به‌خصوص سلامت روانی و سلامت اجتماعی را تأیید می‌کنند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
One of the issues in the field of sociology that has attracted the attention of many social scientists is the important role of social determinants in human health. In spite of the significant progress of medical sciences in identification of pathogeneses and treatment methods, sociologists are interested in the study of health and illness and identification of the effective factors. The results of sociological studies indicate that health is multi-faceted, and may be affected by cultural, economic and social factors in addition to biological factors. Most of medical sociologists believe that social factors play an important role in human health; biological and medical explanations, which ignore the significant role of social and cultural factors on health and illness patterns, are insufficient. This has led sociologists to study the social and cultural determinants of health.This research aims to investigate the effect of some social and cultural determinants such as religiosity, healthy lifestyle and level of social support on health among university students. The present study examines the direct and indirect effect of religiosity on health. As a variable, health has been investigated in three physical, mental and social dimensions. The indirect effect of religiosity on health has been studied through social support and healthy lifestyle. In order to study the relationship between religiosity and health, theories of Emile Durkheim, Kingsley Davis, Milton Yinger, Thomas O'Dea’s functionalism theory, and Max Weber and Peter Berger’s meaning theories have been utilized. Each of these approaches has implications for the relationship between religiosity and health. According to the functionalists, religion unifies society and preserves social integration. Also, religion provides a background for integration and categorizes people according to special ideology in peer social groups. This categorization could be a factor for promotion of intergroup integration against outer groups that follow different opinions and ideas. On the other hand, in relation to the research question, Berger and Weber's approach also seems important. According to these theorists religion, in addition to other functions, provides a meaningful and purposeful life in a world that is constantly meaningless. According to Weber, regardless of level of rationality in the society, individuals have a psychological need to find the world meaningful and purposeful. As a result of his view, religion is not functionless in the modern era. So from Weber’s point of view, it can be inferred that even in new forms of society religiosity can have a positive effect on health. Therefore, religious people that are more likely to control their carnal desires show less risky behavior and as a result, they may have a healthier life. In general, implication of functionalists and meaning theorists can be shown in a causal model as a theoretical model of this study as follow:
Figure 1- Conceptual Model of the Study
Based on the proposed model and the review of literature, the following hypotheses can be reasonably inferred from: 1. Religiosity has a positive effect on healthy lifestyle. 2. Religiosity has a positive effect on social support. 3. Social support has a positive effect on healthy lifestyle. 4. Healthy lifestyle has a positive effect on health. 5. Social support has a positive effect on health. 6. Religiosity has a positive effect on health.
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