چکیده:
مناطق به‌عنوان بستر سکونت و شکل‌گیری فعالیت‌های شهری و روستایی، امروزه با چالش‌های اساسی در زمینه‌های مختلف مواجه هستند؛ از این‌رو برنامه‌ریزی برای آن‌ها امری مهم و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. توسعة خوشه‌ای شهر، رویکردی شهر-محور است که برای دستیابی به توسعة اقتصادی و اجتماعی پایدار در مناطق پیشنهاد شده است. این رویکرد با بهره‌گیری از هشت عامل کلیدی به شناسایی کانون‌های شهری همگن و ارائة طرح توسعة مشترک در مناطق پرداخته و قابلیت عملکرد و فعالیت شهرها را با بررسی زمینه‌های مشترک ارزیابی می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش تبیین مدل مفهومی از ابعاد و شاخص‌های مؤثر در این رویکرد و بررسی آن در بخشی از استان تهران است. براساس سوابق نظری، پیدایش خوشه‌های شهری با مفهوم حوزة شهری ارتباط دارد، اما از آنجا که شاخص‌های مؤثر این مفهوم در دوره‌های زمانی مختلف و بنا به شرایط هر منطقه متفاوت است، حوزه‌های شهری در پنج الگو بررسی و ارتباط آن با عوامل کلیدی مشخص شده است. براساس تحلیل فوق، از هشت عامل مؤثر، چهار مورد در تشخیص خوشه‌های همگن و مابقی در طرح پیشنهادی قابل‌ارائه است. این رویکرد در شش شهرستان غرب استان تهران با استفاده از روش‌های تحلیل‌خوشه‌ای و PROMETHEE بررسی شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد، بخشی از شهرستان‌های مورد بررسی عملکرد و فعالیتی هماهنگ با یکدیگر دارند و تقسیم آن‌ها به شهرستان‌های مجزا به‌دلیل نبود مدیریت یکپارچه نمی‌تواند موجب توسعة هماهنگ مناطق شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction
Today, regions face major challenges in various fields, so planning for them is important and inevitable. City cluster development is an urban-led approach that was proposed for achieving sustainable economic and social development in the regions. This approach utilizes eight key factors for identifying homogeneous urban centers for providing a joint development plan in the regions. The approach of CCD is a process of economic and social development which built-up a number of human settlements that linked together. CCD responds to the new patterns of urban growth, which are shifting from mono-centric to polycentric. Experiences show that at least eight key factors need to be assessed to determine whether or not to use CCD as an instrument for urban-led, inclusive economic and social development.
Many of the key factors of the precedure are closely related. Therefore, efforts to achieve economic and social development through the CCD require a full understanding of various economic, social, institutional and technological resources. Therefore, the present study investigates the history of urban clusters and its relation with regional development.
In urban and regional planning, the emergence of city clusters is linked to the concept of an “urban field,” which is composed of the economic and social influences emanating from a particular city. The present study, given the concept of urban field in different period times, investigates the dimensions and effective components of its recognition in five patterns. According to the study, four factors of the main approach will be considered in identifying urban clusters and the rest in planning time.
Methodology
An analysis of this approach is carried out at two levels:
1. The regional dimension includes the desired Districts. This section identifies which cities can be located in each cluster in terms of performance and activity.
2. The local dimension that includes the cities located in each cluster and their characteristics in four dimensions (demographic, social, economic and physical).
To analyze the alternatives of this research, Cluster Analysis approach has been used at the regional level and the PROMETHEE technique in local level.
Results and discussion
The analysis of the results shows that the two main groups are within the scope of the study. The cluster one consists of Shahriar, Malard and Rabat-Karim Districts. According to the survey, the cities of this area have a good elevation, slope and climate, but only Baghestan and Ferdosiye have a suitable soil for agricultural activities; though there are some agricultural activities in some of these cluster cities like Shahriar and Malard. Furthermore, substantial industry activity is in some cluster cities (like Mallard). The proper activity for this area is agriculture and industry
Cluster number 2 covering the districts of Islamshahr, Qods and Baharestan, which have a geographical distance from each other. This cluster includes Islamshahr, Chahardangeh, and other cities. The cities of this cluster have a good elevation, slope and climate, but they have no fertile soil. Therefore, the proper activity for this area is industry and services.
The second matrix is based on the cities located in each cluster and they are ranked using Visual PROMHETEE software. This ranking takes into account two other important factors in regional planning, human and space. Mallard and Rabat Karim, ranked 2nd and 3rd, are in competition with the central city. Ranking of the second cluster shows that Chahar-Dange, Ghods and Islamshahr cities ranked one to three. Thus, the central city of this cluster is Chahar-Dange and Quds and Islam Shahr.
Conclusion
In this approach (city cluster development), regional development create through interconnected or separate urban areas. The link of urban centers in the form of urban clusters is related to economic and potential activities (from a natural and artistic perspective). If the areas are homogeneous in terms of dimensions and the studied indicators, planning for them will be implemented in the form of a joint development plan. The city centers in the study areas may already have been linked to a network of infrastructures.
The present study examined this issue in part of Tehran province. Tehran province, as one of the most densely populated provinces of the country due to the establishment of the capital (Tehran city), has undergone many changes. The most important of these changes are the abstraction of Karaj and its subordinate cities, the emergence of Pardis, Ghods, Baharestan, and other cities into independent districts, the formation of new urban centers can create rural areas and new cities.
Therefore, by the city cluster development approach with considering porter diamond model and effective factors in determining urban-fields, the administrative-political divisions analyzed and evaluated in the part of Tehran province. The results of the analysis show that the study areas have a coordinate activity and can be divided into separate areas and cannot lead to coordinated development.
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